Business programme
19 –21 May 2025
10:00
19.05.2025
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
10 Years of the EAEU Court: Strengthening the Union’s Internal Market and Defending Business Interests
Congress Centre, conference hall D3
The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union celebrated its 10th anniversary in January 2025. Over this period, it has formulated important legal positions that have strengthened its authority. It mainly handles appeals of the decisions of the EAEU Commission, particularly in matters concerning competition and customs regulation. The court’s practice of issuing advisory opinions that ensure the unity of the EAEU legal space has proven effective. Some of the court’s key functions include protecting the rights of entrepreneurs and ensuring the free movement of goods and services within the EAEU market. How can businesses from the union’s different countries ensure the protection of their interests using the instruments of EAEU law and supranational mechanisms? What changes are needed in the court’s scope of functions to enhance the effectiveness of such protection? What are some of the latest trends in the court’s practice and what role does it play in developing EAEU law, ensuring its uniform application, the functioning of the internal market, and maintaining competition? What common issues arise in the practices of both the EAEU Court and national courts, and how does the judicial dialogue take place? How does the mechanism of appealing to the EAEU Court for clarifications about the provisions of EAEU law help to protect the interests of the state and business? Does the EAEU Court’s scope of functions need to be expanded? How can we raise awareness about EAEU law as part of enhancing its effectiveness?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Law in the Era of Sustainable Development: The Green Transformation of Business and the State
Congress Centre, conference hall B1 (2nd floor)
Russia needs to seriously modernize its legal regulation of ESG issues to keep up with the global trend of the ESG transformation of business and the economy. The lack of a sufficient regulatory framework for the transition to circular business models creates risks for the competitiveness of Russian companies. Legal environmental protection mechanisms need to be urgently improved given the severity of environmental problems. The current system is not effectively preventing environmental damage. Legal uncertainty about the ownership of natural resources creates grounds for conflicts. Legal support for food security is a particularly acute issue now. How dangerous is it that Russian education is lagging behind global ESG trends? How can we prevent the risk of a box-ticking approach to the introduction of environmental competencies? How can we stop the deterioration of ecosystems due to conflicts between owners? How can we assess the amount of environmental damage with long-term consequences? What legal mechanisms are needed for a circular economy?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Challenges in Implementing and Financing Major International and National Projects
Congress Centre, conference hall D2
The implementation of major infrastructure projects involving the peaceful use of nuclear energy – from the construction of the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in Türkiye to floating power units – would be impossible without comprehensive legal support for such projects, the resolution of financing issues, and responses to the challenges of rapidly developing law. What are some of the legal aspects of supporting various infrastructure projects? What experience has been gained from building two nuclear power plants, including the specifics of localization, the Build-Own-Operate model, the adaptation of local legislation, the implementation of the provisions of intergovernmental agreements, and the development of national nuclear infrastructure? What are some of the specifics of legal support for energy supply projects and the use of the take or pay system? What innovative financing methods are essential in the modern world for the implementation of international and national projects?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
New Employment: Challenges and Opportunities of the Platform Economy
Congress Centre, conference hall D1
The platform component is playing an increasingly important role in the national economy. Digital platforms help to reduce transaction costs, increase productivity, and provide millions of people with a primary or additional income. Platform employment, in which ordinary citizens participate in economic relations through platforms, is precisely what has enabled the institution of self-employment to become such a success in Russia. Even 10-15 years ago, there was an acute problem with replacing labour-based relations with civil law-based relations in the employment sphere, which mainly pertains to the traditional economy. This was largely due to the desire of employers to save money on taxes and to simplify relations with the workforce. Amendments were made to industry legislation to resolve this problem. Now the pendulum has swung in the other direction, as attempts are being made to replace the original civil law-based relations of platform employees with labour-based relations. It would appear that the mere emergence of platform employment and the need for legal institutions to evolve should be recognized in order to balance the legal pendulum and generate the maximum cumulative effect for market participants and the economy as a whole. Institutional changes require regulatory changes. What new opportunities does platform employment offer compared with traditional employment? What limitations and risks are associated with this form of employment? How can these limitations and risks be mitigated? What role does platform employment play in combatting unreported employment?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
The Right to Legal Rights: Free Legal Aid through the Lens of International Experience
Congress Centre, conference hall B2 (2nd floor)
Making high-quality legal support accessible to everyone is a pressing task for modern society, which is why the development of free legal aid services is receiving growing attention. What is the international experience in organizing the provision of free legal aid? What are the current trends in regulating this system, aimed at properly ensuring citizens’ rights to qualified legal assistance, minimizing poor service, and preventing fraud? What is the structure of the state system of free legal aid, and who are its main participants? How is the non-state system of free legal aid developing, and who is involved? What best practices exist in the provision of free legal aid? What quality standards are in place, and what oversight mechanisms exist to ensure compliance? How is digital transformation affecting the institution of free legal aid?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Insurance and Reinsurance Disputes. Where to Litigate and How to Settle Non-Commercial Disputes
In partnership with Russian Export Center
Congress Centre, conference hall А (3rd floor)
Insurance disputes (primarily in the non-commercial segment) are regularly among the most complex. This is due to both the large number of parties involved in the insurance relations and the specifics of regulating the insurance business. The reality of sanctions, particularly in matters concerning transport (air and sea) insurance, has further diversified the landscape of insurance and reinsurance disputes and settlements. What are some of the main trends in insurance dispute resolution?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Legal Support for the Scientific and Technological Leadership of the Russian Federation
Congress Centre, conference hall D4
In light of the digital transformation of science and industry, as well as the overall geopolitical situation in the world, it is a top priority for Russia to achieve technological leadership and sovereignty. Meeting this objective directly depends on how effective legislative and regulatory compliance practices are. What problems do the leaders of scientific and industrial organizations face, and what are legislators doing to solve them?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Trust but Verify: Transparency in Charitable Donations
Justice Quarter, conference hall E10
The non-profit sector is actively involved in addressing numerous social problems and arranging targeted support for individual social groups. Russia has a number of non-profits that perform charitable and voluntary activities, which are supported by the state authorities and local governments, among others. Do the criteria need to be clarified for using the term ‘charity’ in the names of organizations? How can we ensure the protection of the personal data of donors and recipients given the digitalization of the fundraising process? What risks arise when working with rare diseases (e. g., orphan diseases)? Should the accounts and posts of non-profits have to be labelled as such? What mechanisms could guarantee the public disclosure of reports on the expenses and results of charitable programmes?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
The Culture of Lawmaking
Justice Quarter, conference hall E11
A rapidly changing objective reality, together with social, political, and economic processes, creates an ongoing need to improve legal regulation both within established legal systems and in emerging fields of activity. Lawmaking today is in an especially active phase, reflecting societal changes and shaping a modern, responsive system for addressing both external and internal challenges. Against this backdrop, a distinctly pragmatic, utilitarian trend has emerged as the most direct route to achieving the goal: establishing legal regulation that is as effective and optimal as possible by setting objectively grounded, clear, and understandable rules of conduct for all legal actors. At the same time, building a modern, effective system of legal regulation is impossible without nurturing moral and legal values and promoting a high level of legal culture within society. Respect for the law is the highest expression of a society’s legal culture. The presence of a certain cultural code embedded in the nature of domestic law, and therefore in the foundation of lawmaking, must be a defining factor in shaping a new legal reality. A historical and national approach, a value-based narrative, spirituality, and humanism have always distinguished and characterized Russian culture as a whole, and legal culture in particular. What role does culture play in the modern lawmaking process, both as a culture of legal norms and as culture as a norm of behaviour? What is the cultural code at the heart of Russian lawmaking? Is an ideal balance of culture, morality, and law in legal regulation possible?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Convergence of Global Legal Systems: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technologies
Congress Centre, conference hall B4 (2nd floor)
Amid highly complex international relations, the process of harmonizing legislation across countries, driven by the need to interact and cooperate to maintain global stability, takes on particular importance. In this context, the development of digital technologies, especially artificial intelligence, creates new opportunities for deeper convergence between global legal systems while also reinforcing national sovereignty. What forms of convergence between global legal systems align with the interests of the Russian Federation today? What advantages does this convergence offer Russia? What role do artificial intelligence and other digital technologies play in advancing digital legal development? How will strengthening national sovereignty support the digital transformation of public governance? How might the convergence of global legal systems affect global stability?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Defending the Interests of State-Owned Companies in International Investment Arbitration
Pavilion F, conference hall F21 (2nd floor)
According to the UN Conference on Trade and Development, there were a total of 1,500 transnational state-owned enterprises in 2019. This number is on the rise, in part because several states acquired stakes in private companies in difficult financial situations during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic as a method of state support. Considering the growing volume of transnational investments by state-owned enterprises, as well as political instability, which creates increased risks of the expropriation of investments, it is no surprise that state-owned enterprises are increasingly resorting to investor-state dispute resolution mechanisms contained in international investment treaties. However, given the close ties between state-owned enterprises and countries that are parties to international investment treaties, there have repeatedly been questions in the practice of international investment arbitration about whether it is reasonable to assert that state-owned enterprises, as investors, have the right to initiate arbitration proceedings against the country that is receiving the investment. The enforcement of decisions against the Russian Federation through foreclosure on the property of Russian state-owned enterprises is also an important issue that needs to be addressed. Claimants often rely on doctrines similar to the doctrine on piercing the corporate veil. When deciding whether to pierce the corporate veil, courts determine whether a state-owned company is an alter ego or an extension of the state. Is this approach by arbitrators reasonable and what standard of proof should be applied in this case?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
International Business with Middle Eastern Countries: Tax, Currency, and Legal Risks
Pavilion F, conference hall F20 (2nd floor)
Asian and Middle Eastern countries are currently the main trading partners for Russian companies, which are highly interested in establishing a presence in these markets. However, Russian businesses face certain tax and currency risks when conducting cross-border transactions due to legal nuances that have been established in legislative and regulatory compliance practices. There are also challenges with organizing an economic presence in these countries. As a result, one of the Russian government’s top priorities is to improve legal mechanisms to reduce barriers for international business, as well as to simplify the regulation of business relations with foreign partners. What tax risks are inherent with cross-border transactions in Russia? What currency restrictions on international transactions exist in Russia? What key problems do representatives of foreign companies face in interaction with Russian businesses? What are the best ways to improve national regimes in order to enhance investment appeal for Russian investors?
10:00
19.05.2025
10:00–11:30
10:00–11:30
Regulatory Conditions for Doing Business: Do We Need a New Guillotine?
Congress Centre, conference hall B3 (2nd floor)
Over the past 15 years, the government has carried out significant work to reform regulatory policy. A regulatory impact assessment (RIA) procedure was introduced to identify and prevent the adoption of regulation that places an excessive burden on business. In 2020, basic laws on mandatory requirements and monitoring (supervisory) activities were adopted, and a ‘regulatory guillotine’ was carried out, radically reforming the Russian regulatory landscape. The reform is still under way, and work on the elimination of the ‘White List’ is being finalized. The RIA procedure has been improved: an updated methodology has been adopted, enabling a transition to the key role of estimating business costs, which will make it possible to determine, for each new requirement, its cost for entrepreneurs. The new standards pose new challenges for the government: how may decision-making mechanisms be structured in such a way as to ensure their efficiency and accuracy? How can modern information technologies help in this? What are the possible prospects for improving the Russian regulatory system?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Coercion or Consent? Returning to Consensus in International Law
Pavilion F, conference hall F20 (2nd floor)
Ex consensu advenit vinculum. A state's consent to an international treaty has long been seen as the key precondition for its obligation to uphold that treaty (pacta sunt servanda). However, this logical link is increasingly being called into question. The active role of numerous international institutions, reinforced by their effective communication and interconnected operations, seeks to imbue many international treaties with new meanings that are not always grounded in the direct or even implicit consent of states. Moreover, the principle of consensus, with its inherent pursuit of balance in international relations, is often displaced by legal forms of coercion imposed by some states on others. Traditional mechanisms of intergovernmental negotiation are frequently supplanted by blunt methods of pseudo-legal pressure, sometimes even extending to the criminalization of political opponents. How successful have efforts to undermine the consensual nature of international law been from a historical perspective? Can the current crisis in international relations be overcome by returning to a world order based on the consensus of sovereign states as the primary subjects of international law? And what impact would a return to consensus in international law have on the work of international institutions and the fate of regional and global projects?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Digital Financial Assets as a Flexible and Stable Instrument: Who Benefits Most Today?
Congress Centre, conference hall B4 (2nd floor)
The digital rights market has exploded over the past year. It has now reached RUB 700 billion with 1,400+ issues and 15 operators of information systems that issue digital financial assets. Major banks account for the bulk of placements. Most of the issues are debt-based digital financial assets, but there has been a growing trend of index and hybrid digital instruments. In addition, market experts are already seeing growth in the liquidity of the secondary market. The infrastructure of digital financial assets is becoming much stronger as well and competing with the traditional financial market. However, there are still a number of problems that need to be resolved to make full use of the new instrument, such as the taxation of digital financial assets for legal entities, limits for non-qualified investors, and issues concerning digital certificates. What trends can we expect to see in the digital financial assets market? What changes are planned and how should we adapt to them?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
From Virtual to Real: How Emerging Technologies Are Changing Crime and Legal Responses
Justice Quarter, conference hall E10
In recent years, there has been a trend in legislation of introducing new digital platforms and technologies into judicial activities and the work of law enforcement agencies. Significant results have been achieved in this area. However, the expanded use of modern information technologies, while creating convenient services for citizens, also provides hackers with a weapon and raises questions about the relevance of traditional procedural forms and mechanisms to counter them. How can the development of modern technologies be used for criminal proceedings and legislation on administrative offences?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Financial Market Dispute Resolution: New Challenges and New Solutions
Congress Centre, conference hall D1
The modern financial market needs effective and customer-oriented approaches to resolving disputes between consumers and financial institutions. Today, such extra-judicial mechanisms as the institution of the financial ombudsman, mediation procedures, and arbitration are becoming increasingly important. Their further development will make justice more accessible, reduce costs, and reduce the workload on courts. Particular attention should be paid to protecting the rights of borrowers and developing unified approaches to resolving financial disputes, including with due consideration for the Uniform Rules for the Protection of Consumer Rights that have been adopted in the Union State. The session will present practical and legal aspects of alternative conflict resolution, including for disputes involving specialized arbitrators. What is the outlook for the legislative enshrinement of extra-judicial dispute resolution mechanisms in the financial market? In what cases can the use of mediation or arbitration be more effective than litigation? What conditions are needed to effectively adopt customer-oriented approaches to working with borrowers’ debt?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
The Law Is on Our Side: Year of the Defender of the Fatherland
Congress Centre, conference hall B2 (2nd floor)
In the run-up to the 80th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War, 2025 has been declared the Year of the Defender of the Fatherland in honour of our heroes and participants in the special military operation, in memory of the exploits of our ancestors who fought for the motherland in different historical periods, and for the glory of our fathers, grandfathers, and great-grandfathers who crushed Nazism. One of the government’s most important tasks is to note the sacred duty of protecting historical truth against destructive external forces. Moreover, any attempts at Russophobia and discrimination against Russians abroad must be eliminated. What legal guarantees are enshrined in Russian legislation for the defenders of the Fatherland, and what else is needed and should be implemented in the near future? What is the current state of legal work to protect the rights of Russian compatriots and citizens abroad?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Notarial Procedures for Ensuring Legality in Real Estate Transactions
Congress Centre, conference hall D3
In recent years, legislators have been consistently expanding the purview of notaries in real estate transactions. These changes are important due to the multitude of risks associated with criminal and fraudulent schemes that cause people to lose property as a result of transactions being executed in simple written form. What guarantees do notaries currently provide to prevent potential legal conflicts and what aspects of real estate transactions require additional protection?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
The General Counsel’s Risk Appetite
Congress Centre, conference hall B1 (2nd floor)
Businesses take decisions every day in a tense environment, under pressure from shareholders and partners. Ideally, all these decisions should comply with the law and take into account existing legal risks. However, in practice, there are numerous situations that are controversial from a legal standpoint. What should an in-house lawyer do in such a situation? A conservative approach assumes that the chief counsel, when giving an opinion or recommendations to management, should outline all the contradictory aspects of the situation and all the existing risks. Can artificial intelligence help with this? Is a manager ready to take such an approach in today’s dynamic business environment, study all the risks in detail, and take them into account when adopting decisions? Are lawyers and managers ready to use AI when taking business decisions?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Pro et Contra the Decembrists’ Legal Vision: Lessons from History
Congress Centre, conference hall D2
The Decembrist movement is perhaps one of the most controversial events in Russian history. The nobles, mostly officers of the Russian Guard who had fought in the Patriotic War of 1812, rose up in revolt in St. Petersburg on 14 December 1825. The generally accepted view is that the rebellion was the result of pent-up discontent with the autocracy and serfdom, as well as the desire to provide civil liberties to the entire population of the country. The poorly prepared actions of the Decembrists, which were doomed from the start, nevertheless had a major impact on the further development of Russian social thought. On the one hand, the Decembrists spoke out against the existing state system, violated their oath as officers, and shed blood, which in our eyes definitely makes them criminals and rebels who wanted to alter the country’s political system by force and, as a result, likely draw people into a bloody civil war. On the other hand, the Decembrists’ programmes, which were created based on the theory of natural law and the ideas of such Enlightenment thinkers as Charles Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Denis Diderot, and partly inspired by the experience of the restructuring of the United States, contained truly breakthrough ideas for that time on the development of individual branches of law, the creation of new legal institutions, the codification of legislation, the introduction of the principle of separation of powers in the state system, and the establishment of the foundations of democratic representative government. The fate of the Decembrists was a tragedy not only for them, but also for their loved ones and for the entire socio-political development of Russia for decades to come. Nevertheless, for the following generations of revolutionaries, the Narodniks and Bolsheviks, they became heroes and the first fighters for freedom, equality, and justice. But were the Decembrists truly pursuing exclusively noble goals? What were the motives behind the uprising: ambition or a sincere belief that they would be able to turn the tide of history for the better? Why did the investigation into the rebellion persistently look for traces of foreign backing? And were the Russian people completely excluded from deciding their own fate in the Decembrists’ plans? Were the provisions that were drawn up and described in the constitutions of revolutionary Pavel Pestel and statesman Nikolay Muravyov, who headed the Southern and Northern Societies of the Decembrists, really so positive for the country? The establishment of a unitary state, the destruction of national identity, total external expansion, and, ultimately, the official imposition of a dictatorship for a decade – how can we assess these and the other ideas of the Decembrists from a legal point of view? Finally, why did the Decembrists use unlawful methods in their actions rather than trying to build a constructive dialogue with the government when they had all the opportunities to do so? How correct was the government’s position in relation to the Decembrists and what consequences did their uprising entail for the country?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Legal Aspects of Corporate Security Assurance
Congress Centre, conference hall А (3rd floor)
Ensuring corporate security is crucial for a business’s survival and successful development. This issue is clearly multidimensional, encompassing various practices, areas of law enforcement, industries, and components. The availability of mechanisms and tools to protect and restore violated rights in the business sphere has a significant impact not only on the stability of civil transactions but also on the country’s economic well-being and investment attractiveness. How should corporate security issues be regulated? What mechanisms are available to protect businesses amid marital and family conflicts? How can trademark and intellectual property rights be better safeguarded? Is the application of foreign law possible in Russian business? Can the polygraph be used as a tool for ensuring corporate security?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Improving Legislation on the Implementation of Concession Agreements in the Housing and Utilities Sector
Congress Centre, conference hall B3 (2nd floor)
For over 10 years now, Russia has been using concession agreements in the housing and utilities sector, which are one of the main ways to attract extra-budgetary funds to upgrade utilities infrastructure. The housing and utilities sector accounts for 85% of all concession agreements that are being implemented or have been completed. However, the proportion of housing and utilities facilities that have been conceded is low at only 12.4% of the total amount. Overall investments in 60.8% of the agreements do not exceed RUB 10 million. Concession agreements are not sufficiently efficient due to a number of systemic problems and limiting factors, including: imperfections in concession legislation, a lack of reliable information about the implementation of concession agreements, the insufficient and non-systemic nature of support measures for concession projects, as well as a short-term and opaque tariff policy in the housing and utilities sector. The Russian government has set the goal of implementing a utilities infrastructure modernization programme and improving the quality of utilities for 20 million people by 2030. What should be the share of extra-budgetary sources in the implementation of this programme? What changes are needed in the regulatory framework to achieve this goal? What institutions need to be created or improved to protect the rights of parties to concession agreements?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
The UN in Freefall: Collapse or Resurgence? (Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the UN Charter)
Justice Quarter, conference hall E11
The United Nations, established as the culmination of global efforts to create a sustainable system for maintaining international peace and security, approaches its 80th anniversary with a rich record of both successes and failures in fulfilling its core mission. Forged from the universal desire for peace following the tragedies of the Second World War, the system has, from its inception, operated amid ongoing international conflicts: during the Cold War, the Western bloc’s aspirations for a unipolar world in the early post-Soviet era, and today’s struggle by new centres of power to secure their place in a multipolar world. Over these 80 years, the UN Charter has been amended only three times, and solely to increase the number of member states represented in certain bodies. All other aspects of applying the Charter, amid sweeping changes in human life, technology, economics, and international relations, have been shaped through state practice, which continues to reveal the depth of its founding principles. At the same time, this approach to the Charter’s evolution remains vulnerable to abuse and to attempts by some Western states to erode those principles, monopolize the system, or, where it stands in the way of their geopolitical ambitions, paralyze it. Eighty years of interpreting and applying the UN Charter calls for a conceptual reassessment: for defining clear boundaries between the objective process of the Charter’s development as a living instrument and subjective encroachments on its foundations across a broad range of issues. These include the Security Council’s mandate to maintain peace and security, the search for new purposes for the UN General Assembly, strengthening the International Court of Justice as a universal forum for settling international disputes, adapting UN institutions to the realities of a multipolar world, defining the role of non-state actors in developing the international legal order, and deepening cooperation between the UN and regional organizations. Will UN member states stay in control of this complex system? And what trajectory will its next ascent follow?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
Competing Legal Proceedings Across Jurisdictions
Congress Centre, conference hall D4
Problems with competing jurisdictions between courts of different states as well as arbitration courts regularly arise in modern civil commerce. Without proper regulation, these disputes create the risk of contradictory judicial acts being handed down, cases becoming more complicated, and a major increase in costs for the parties involved. Particular attention should be paid to managing legal risks in the event of multiple parallel legal proceedings, models for international interaction among courts that are considering interrelated cases, as well as approaches to delineating the purview of courts of different states in interrelated cases. What are some of the key problems associated with identifying parallel legal proceedings, forum shopping, torpedo lawsuits, protection against the abuse of procedural rights, and special aspects of administering a case and executing judicial acts in the event of parallel legal proceedings? What are the most effective approaches developed by the specialized working group on jurisdiction set up by the Hague Conference on Private International Law?
12:00
19.05.2025
12:00–13:30
12:00–13:30
The Current Issues of Resolving Financial Service Disputes
Pavilion F, conference hall F21 (2nd floor)
Over the past year, a number of new trends have emerged in the resolution of disputes between consumers of financial services and financial institutions. In particular, one of the main trends in dispute settlements with insurers was the formal establishment of the practice of recovering damages from insurers for violations of car repair obligations under third-party liability insurance contracts. At present, such damages are collected based on the market value of the repairs that need to be made and without taking into account the maximum insurance amount established by the Law on Mandatory Third-Party Liability Insurance. In addition, over the past few years, the regulatory framework has undergone significant changes in terms of banks providing consumers with additional services during lending: the cooling-off period has been increased and banks have been made jointly liable for refunding the cost of additional services provided by third parties if such services are declined during the cooling-off period. In terms of private pension insurance, the financial ombudsman was given the purview in late 2023 to consider disputes concerning the transfers of pension savings. How have these changes affected the financial market? What issues still need to be resolved in the context of relationships involving financial service consumers? What legislative amendments or changes in law enforcement practice in this regard can be expected in the foreseeable future?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Pavilion F, conference hall F20 (2nd floor)
Leading countries as well as global and regional technology giants are investing heavily in the creation and development of artificial intelligence technologies. AI is becoming an element of geopolitical struggle and a technology in information wars. Some countries are already adopting specialized legislation on AI, and we are faced with the logical question of which regulatory path the Russian Federation should choose. Who is responsible in the event of damage caused by an AI system? How lawful is it to use various data and information to train AI? How can people be protected against abuses using AI?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
35 Years of Antitrust Regulation: Achievements and Future Directions
Congress Centre, conference hall B2 (2nd floor)
In 2025, Russia is marking the 35th anniversary of the establishment of the antitrust authorities in the country. It is difficult to overestimate the Russian Federal Antimonopoly Service’s importance as a key component of the country’s public, political, and social life. Over this time, the following foundations have been created and developed for the protection of competition in Russia: antitrust legislation, legislation on public procurements, state defence orders, advertising, and trade, tariff legislation, and legislation on foreign investment in strategic industries, among others. Antitrust requirements have also been included in industry-specific legislation. What stages did antitrust legislation go through as it was being established in Russia? What problems and challenges have arisen in its application? What are the main achievements of the Russian antitrust authorities that have influenced the establishment of the country’s modern economic structure? What are some regulatory issues related to antitrust legislation and what is the outlook for the further development of antitrust legislation, in particular, issues that will be reflected in the sixth antitrust package?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Digital Currency as an Object, Tool, and Target of Seizure: Legal Theory, Regulation, and Case Law
Congress Centre, conference hall А (3rd floor)
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Lawfare – the Instrumentalization of Western Courts for Economic Power Politics
Justice Quarter, conference hall E10
The concept of lawfare emerged some twenty years ago as “the strategic use of litigation to intimidate an adversary”. This unsavory practice mirrors the broader practice of extrajudicial jurisdiction in the United States. The EU started applying it in 2022. It is illegal under the UN Charter, but is used systematically in some 42 countries around the world. France, in particular, has suffered dramatically from it. We have seen CEOs locked up in solitary confinement to extract evidence against their employers. In addition, the uncontrolled proliferation of plea bargains has forced companies to testify against themselves. The experience of activist judges pursuing their own agendas prompted Shell to move its headquarters from the Netherlands to London. What is the current state of the Western judiciary in light of major geopolitical shifts, such as the bilateral rapprochement between the US and Russia and the militarization of the EU and other European states? How should we formulate practical findings to submit them to the Russian judicial branch of government?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Judicial Power in the Modern Legal System
Justice Quarter, conference hall E11
The organization and functioning of judicial power within the modern legal order cover a wide range of issues, including the nature of judicial authority; its place and role within the constitutional system of separation of powers; the court system and judicial proceedings; the characteristics of different forms of adjudication (constitutional, civil, commercial, administrative, criminal); and the directions and prospects for developing the national judiciary amid today’s challenges of digitalization, technological change, and socio-political and economic pressures. They also include new conditions for interaction with supranational and foreign jurisdictions, as well as the need to uphold the sovereign and independent character of national justice. According to guiding policy documents, these issues must be addressed with a focus on delivering lawful, socially oriented, accessible, transparent, and equal justice for all, aiming to improve its efficiency and quality. What are the key directions for enhancing judicial efficiency?
Discussion of these and related questions invites reflection on the academic and practical legacy of Vyacheslav Lebedev, longtime Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, to whose memory this panel is dedicated.
Discussion of these and related questions invites reflection on the academic and practical legacy of Vyacheslav Lebedev, longtime Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, to whose memory this panel is dedicated.
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Unlearned Lessons of World War II: The Reality of Neo-Nazism
Congress Centre, conference hall D2
“History doesn't teach anyone anything – it only punishes for lessons not learnt”. This quote by famous Russian historian Vasily Klyuchevsky is more relevant today than ever. Russia currently faces serious challenges from the distortions of its accomplishments, the desire of individual countries to justify the actions of international criminals and review the 1946 verdict of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, and the revival of Nazi ideology by the Kyiv regime. Russia, as the country that suffered the most from the horrors of World War II and suffered enormous losses for the sake of restoring peace, will not allow anyone to forget the lessons of the past. Our country, together with its allies, continues targeted work to counter any attempts to distort the historical truth and memory of World War II, including the liberation of Central and Eastern Europe countries from the Nazis. How can Russia combat manifestations of neo-Nazism and ensure national security in the current conditions? What are the legal foundations for countering attempts to reevaluate the events and results of World War II and falsify history?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
The Legal Legacy of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War: Historical Significance and Modern Challenges
Congress Centre, conference hall D4
The year 2025 has been declared in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as the Year of the 80th Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War — the Year of Peace and Unity in the fight against Nazism. Following the defeat of the Third Reich on the battlefields, the Great Victory of the multinational Soviet people in one of the bloodiest wars in history laid fundamental foundations of the modern world order, the core elements of which became the UN Charter, as well as the Charter and Judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal, which delivered unequivocal, indisputable legal definitions regarding Nazism. Today, this legal foundation faces serious challenges, including persistent attempts by certain states and their alliances to rewrite history and diminish the central role of the Soviet Union in the victorious conclusion of World War II. One tool of such destructive policies is the controversial concept of a “rules-based order”, the main goal of which is to undermine the international legal order formed as a result of the historic Victory over Nazism. What can CIS member states do to counter these destructive practices? How can they preserve the shared legacy of the Great Victory, common to all the peoples of the Commonwealth, and the fundamental principles of the post-war world order?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Digital Tools of Justice: Will Computers Replace Lawyers?
Congress Centre, conference hall B3 (2nd floor)
In the era of rapid digital transformation that has engulfed all facets of our lives, the legal industry is undergoing changes that affect both the daily practice of lawyers and the fundamental principles of law. The introduction of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, machine learning, and process automation opens up new possibilities for the legal community. Not only do these innovations optimize routine tasks, they also radically change approaches to the provision of legal services and rule-making, making them more accessible, transparent, and effective. Digital tools already enable lawyers to quickly analyse huge amounts of data, automate the preparation of documents, and verify them. However, these new opportunities also bring new challenges: the need to adapt to changing conditions, train people on how to work with new technologies, and ensure compliance with legal requirements, and there is also less control over what is happening overall.
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
International Cooperation on Human Rights: Is Restoring Trust Possible?
Congress Centre, conference hall B4 (2nd floor)
Increasing global tensions in recent years have not only had a negative impact on international peace and security, but also on international cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights. Human rights issues are increasingly being used as a tool to settle political scores or promote controversial concepts instead of the generally accepted terms and principles enshrined in universal and regional instruments. International organizations and structures are also being drawn into this confrontation, some of which actually directly condone attempts to rewrite international law as it pertains to promoting and protecting human rights, as well as give a completely different meaning to its norms through manipulation and double-talk. These trends are undermining the mutual trust that countries have had in each other and in relations with international organizations and structures for decades. Can we find a way to restore this trust in the current conditions? Are there similar initiatives in matters concerning human rights? How does the politicization of human rights issues impact the effectiveness of international organizations, structures, and judicial bodies?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
The Institution of the Foreign Agent: Global Experience
Congress Centre, conference hall D1
Combatting destructive foreign influences is an essential measure in ensuring the stability of a country’s socio-political life. Methods of exerting foreign influence with the involvement of the citizens of the state in which such influence is exerted have become widespread as part of globalization processes. This is why numerous countries, including Russia, have created legal regimes to regulate the activities of such persons. Today, such social relations are regulated as part of the institution of foreign agents. However, the unstable international socio-political situation continuously poses additional threats to national interests in this regard, and new methods of exerting destructive foreign influence are appearing. This means that constant improvements need to be made to the institution of foreign agents, including through a continuous analysis of the legislation of foreign states to determine if they beneficial experience in this regard. What legal measures aim to counteract foreign interference in various aspects of a particular state? What are the most effective international practices for ensuring the transparency of the activities of foreign agents? What is the outlook for the further development of the institution of foreign agents in Russia taking into account positive foreign experience?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Development of Modern IT in Land and Property Management
Pavilion F, conference hall F21 (2nd floor)
The public sector is actively adapting to rapidly changing conditions, as it seeks to maximize the potential of modern technologies for Russia’s development and to improve the quality of services provided to citizens and businesses. Effective land and real estate management is crucial in ensuring the well-being of both the state and society and contributes to social and economic sustainability. End-to-end technologies and digital solutions are actively being introduced in land and real estate management to optimize the performance of government functions and provision of services. How are issues related to the use of artificial intelligence and other modern technical and technological solutions being applied and regulated in the acquisition, ownership, and use of land and other real estate?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
PPP and Project Financing 2025: Rules of the Game for Business and Government
Congress Centre, conference hall B1 (2nd floor)
In order to achieve Russia’s national development goals of improving living standards, improvements need to be made to the mechanisms used to build and renovate both industrial facilities and infrastructure on a national scale and in individual regions. Given the current limited financial resources, the construction of the high-quality and modern facilities needed for economic growth can only be ensured through legal partnership mechanisms between the state and business with the use of resources from funding organizations based on project financing. Social infrastructure projects, many of which do not generate income, but are essential to regional development, require a special approach within the framework of PPPs. Decisions on their implementation should not only take into account their economic benefit, but also their socially beneficial effect to an event greater extent. Russian President Vladimir Putin has emphasized the importance of developing PPPs as a mechanism for implementing socially important projects as well as the need to fairly distribute risks between the participants in such projects. The main objective of the regulatory rules that are being established should be to balance the interests of the private and public parties, taking into account the specifics of individual projects. As a development institution, VEB.RF has been assigned a special role in developing new approaches to implementing PPP projects and conducting risk assessments to make informed decisions about whether to implement such projects. What risks are associated with implementing concession projects and PPP projects, and what are some of the problems associated with legal regulation? How are legal mechanisms for distributing risks developing when structuring and implementing PPP projects, as well as concession projects: is regulation being tightened or liberalized? What legal mechanisms for distributing risks between financing organizations exist when implementing investment projects? What are some of the new forms of partnership in building social facilities?
14:00
19.05.2025
14:00–15:30
14:00–15:30
Legal Regulation of International Trade Amid Global Transformation
Congress Centre, conference hall D3
International trade is currently going through a period of rapid transformation caused by geopolitical instability, sanctions pressure, the disruption of traditional supply chains, and upheaval in the legal foundations of contractual activity. This session will focus on key changes in the legal regulation of cross-border trade and include a discussion about practical solutions that could help adapt to the new realities. How have international contracts been evolving in 2025? How is Russian legislation adapting to the changing architecture of international trade? How do free trade and tariff regulation exist during the crisis in the multilateral system? How are decisions on international private law disputes being enforced amidst sanctions and restrictions?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Legal Experiments: Drivers or Risks?
Pavilion F, conference hall F20 (2nd floor)
The session will examine the problem of the sufficient regulation of experimental legal regimes as a tool for increasing the digitalization of the Russian economy, including in strategically important sectors. Above all else, there are concerns about the haphazardness of the legal regulation of various forms of experimental legal regimes and the fragmented nature of acts regulating certain types of experiments, including their establishment at the level of acts of the Russian government in the absence of a single legislative act. In 2024, legislative innovations were introduced to clarify the procedures for changing experimental legal regimes and putting them under general regulation. In this regard, it is crucial to analyse the experimental legal regimes that have been introduced by sectors of the economy, consider expanding the list of areas for the development, testing, and introduction of digital innovations, and assess the potential risks of using experimental legal regimes for promising high technologies. What needs to be done to develop a unified legal regulation on the creation and operation of regulatory sandboxes? How can we further stimulate organizations and individual entrepreneurs to participate in experimental regimes?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Forensic Science for the Justice System of the Future
Congress Centre, conference hall D4
In the pursuit of Russia’s security and independent development, a key task is to effectively counter both domestic and international unlawful activity. In today’s environment, the state must be equipped with sufficient and optimal means and methods. As crime becomes increasingly technologized, it is critical to swiftly integrate the latest scientific and technical advances into crime detection, investigation, prevention, and adjudication. Monitoring the crime situation with cutting-edge forensic tools and methods is not just part of steady progress; it is essential to national security and sovereignty. What challenges does forensic science face today? How will crime mechanisms evolve with artificial intelligence, neural networks, and digital technologies? What digital tools and countermeasures are relevant? How will the justice system adapt to secure the future? What state and business support measures will advance forensic work? How will legislation improve to combat modern cybercrime? What technological integrations lie ahead for forensic practice? How should legal education and professional standards for forensic experts and investigators adapt to these new realities?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Protecting National Interests in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports
Justice Quarter, conference hall E11
Sport is a means of promoting world peace, unity between nations, and non-antagonistic friendly competition, which encourages harmonious development. At present, Russia’s national interests, including in sports, have come under unprecedented pressure from unfriendly representatives of the international sports community. What is the role and place of non-profit sports organizations in pursuing Russia’s national interests? How effective is the potential for interaction between such non-profit sports organizations and government bodies? What are the best methods of organizing and operating non-profit organizations to implement national priorities in sport?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Is Forensic Expertise a Driver of Legal Progress or a Barrier? Innovations, Challenges, and Development Strategies
Congress Centre, conference hall D2
It is now crucial to develop mutually beneficial dialogue on current practices for creating and implementing new directions in forensic research and the professional training of forensic experts. In which direction is forensic expertise in Russia evolving? Does it contribute to or hinder legal progress? What strategies are needed to adapt it to modern demands?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
The Effectiveness of Rights Protection in Administrative Proceedings: Development Prospects
Congress Centre, conference hall А (3rd floor)
The primary objective of any state is to ensure the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms as the highest value. Recognizing them creates mutual obligations for citizens and the state, as represented by its bodies, and helps to determine the content of laws and how they are applied, which, in turn, is ensured by justice. The need to increase guarantees for the rights of citizens and organizations in disputes with the government authorities resulted in the adoption of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation, which provides specialized mechanisms for judicial protection. Administrative proceedings are actively developing and improving both in terms of enforcing laws and in the activities of the legislative authorities. What are some of the current results of the work that has been done? What are possible focuses for the further development of legislation on administrative proceedings?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
International Justice: The Reality of “Legal Warfare”
Congress Centre, conference hall B4 (2nd floor)
The West is actively exploiting international law as an instrument of ‘legal warfare’. The term ‘lawfare’ has become part of our everyday language. International justice bodies are being used to level politically charged accusations, and conventions are subject to contradictory interpretations and manipulations. This is the new reality of international law in which Russia has found itself on the front lines due to massive legal attacks by countries in the Western camp. Having defended itself against these unfounded accusations, Russia is now going on the counter-offensive. Russia’s filing of a counter-memorandum with evidence of genocide by the Kyiv regime in Donbas has turned Ukraine into a de facto defendant in its proceedings with Russia under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. After Ukraine lost its lawsuit against Russia as part of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Russia has started presenting its own claims about Ukraine and several Western countries violating their obligations to combat terrorism and discrimination against Russians and Russian-speakers. Western countries continue to put pressure on the International Court of Justice, in part by abusing its third-party status to join the proceedings, but this practice has not yet produced the desired results and threatens to backfire on the West itself. As the legal confrontation continues to escalate, these discredited judicial bodies have become more active and are attempting to create new quasi-judicial structures that are obviously under political control, but yet claim to administer justice. International criminal justice bodies, including the International Criminal Court, are increasingly being used to hunt for domestic and foreign policy opponents. Their actions express a clear disregard for the generally accepted norms of international law, including the immunity of officials from foreign states. Interstate arbitration is another battleground on the ‘legal front’. The dispute between Ukraine and Russia over coastal rights in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Kerch Strait constitutes an attempt by Kyiv to dispute the ownership of Crimea and the long-established status of maritime spaces and challenge historical realities, the norms of international maritime law, and the broad practices of different states. The tense political situation around the world is creating new challenges for the mechanisms used to appoint arbitrators and guarantees of their impartiality, thereby forcing countries, including Russia, to make use of dispute procedures.
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Artificial Intelligence and Its Limits in the Legal Sphere
Congress Centre, conference hall B2 (2nd floor)
When discussing the legal status of creative objects made using neural networks, we must not forget that the neural network itself is also the result of the intellectual work of developers who have made a professional and creative contribution to it. What is hidden inside neural networks, and how does this affect their position from a legal standpoint? What measures should an AI system developer take to protect their intellectual rights? Can users of artificial intelligence make changes to it that are not envisaged by its basic functionality?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Sovereignty and Universality in a World Undergoing Global Transformation
Congress Centre, conference hall B3 (2nd floor)
For the last 400 years, the world has lived in an era of increasing globalization that was based on the universalist project proposed by Western civilization. This path resulted in the creation of a system of institutions and guidelines, which for a long time set the general development trajectory and forms of constructive interaction between its participants. The system of international law is one of civilization’s most important achievements, and the profound crisis that it is currently undergoing is one of the key symptoms of the degradation of the Western universalist project. Such globally recognized institutions as human rights and freedoms have ceased to fulfil their unifying function of having a truly universal orientation and are being transformed by Western civilization, as it loses its hegemony, into a segregating and divisive instrument used to ensure the superiority of the particular over the universal. It is becoming increasingly clear that the Western universalist project has exhausted its potential, and new civilizational resources are needed for the further development of the planet. To find them, the world must get back to diversity and recognize the limitations of what has been achieved and develop civilizational diversity. We need to move away from the struggle ‘against’ towards the struggle ‘for’ – for new opportunities to coexist in an inextricably common universe. As Russian President Vladimir Putin noted in his speech at the Valdai Forum, Russia’s role in the modern world is not limited to “just protecting and preserving itself. This may sound a bit pompous, but the very existence of Russia is a guarantee that the world will retain its multicolored nature, diversity, and complexity, and this is the key to successful development”. What should be the principles of the new universalist project? How will we find common ground and how can we combine productive civilizational diversity with the objective unity of the world in which we are destined to live?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Arbitration Institutions for Dispute Resolution When Foreign Businesses Return to Russia
Pavilion F, conference hall F21 (2nd floor)
The return of foreign investors to Russia largely depends on the investment appeal of the Russian economy, which, in turn, is closely linked to the existence of effective dispute resolution mechanisms. The neutrality and flexibility of international arbitration compared with state courts generally makes it one of the most preferable options for both Russian and returning foreign businesses. At the same time, the format in which foreign businesses return to Russia could also affect the ability to refer disputes to arbitration and the structuring of stipulations in contracts. What are some of the specific aspects of how disputes are referred to arbitration depending on the way foreign businesses structure their presence in Russia? What criteria are used to choose Russian or foreign arbitration institutions? Why is the mutual recognition and enforcement of arbitration awards so important, including as it pertains to applying the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Governance and Corporate Law
Congress Centre, conference hall D1
Modern challenges force us to constantly improve legal mechanisms for the effective use of new technologies in various areas, including corporate governance. Artificial intelligence is already becoming an integral part of numerous business processes, but leading industry experts still need to discuss the legal regulation of its use. The key discussion issues include the regulation of AI in the work of collective management bodies, the delegation of powers to AI, the monitoring of AI activities, the distribution of liability for damage caused by decisions based on AI recommendations, and the regulation of AI work results. What are the current approaches in corporate law to the legal regulation of AI? What needs to be done to increase the level of legal literacy and create standards for market participants?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Innovative Models of Penal Institutions
Justice Quarter, conference hall E10
Innovations at penal institutions aim to support the regime of convicts and staff, ensure their safety, improve their material and living conditions, and create modern working conditions for courts, lawyers, prosecutors, and public organizations by introducing the latest technologies, including artificial intelligence. Russia is working on a project to create a modern combined multi-regime and multifunctional institution. This innovative project would use the latest organizational and engineering solutions and modern digital technologies. What needs to be done to develop an optimal model of a modern multi-regime and multifunctional penal institution? How can we create modern conditions in penal institutions to accommodate convicts and relatives who visit them, as well as for the work of judges, lawyers, prosecutors, and public organizations? How effectively are the latest digital technologies being incorporated into the activities of penal institutions today?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
Cybersecurity and the Law: Evolving Mechanisms for Protecting Citizens from Phone and Internet Fraud
Congress Centre, conference hall D3
According to the Bank of Russia, the total amount of transactions made without the voluntary consent of clients of financial institutions amounted to RUB 27.5 billion, with almost 1.2 million total transfers being made. Much of this theft is committed by telephone and Internet fraudsters who use social engineering techniques and methods. Finding a solution to the problem of cyber fraud requires an integrated approach and the coordinated actions of all stakeholders. With this in mind, improvements are actively being made to existing legislation, and new comprehensive mechanisms to protect citizens against fraudsters are being developed and introduced. What are some of the legal aspects of work to combat cyber fraud? What are some the best practices in terms of applying the standards that have been adopted? What can we expect from the implementation of the legislative provisions that will take effect in the near future? What are the government’s overall approaches to improving legislation in this regard and the priorities for its further development? Can we make sure the line between user protection and excessive legal regulation is not crossed so as not to slow down the development of digitalization?
16:00
19.05.2025
16:00–17:30
16:00–17:30
DIAC: A Gateway for Russian Companies to Effectively Resolve Disputes Abroad
Congress Centre, conference hall B1 (2nd floor)
With growing economic cooperation between Russia and the Middle East, especially the UAE, it is more important than ever for Russian companies to have a reliable, neutral, and effective mechanism for resolving international disputes. What opportunities does the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC), which positions itself as the preferred arbitration hub for international disputes involving Russian companies, offer to Russian businesses seeking to protect their interests abroad? Why is DIAC a promising jurisdiction for resolving international disputes involving Russian parties? How does arbitration in the UAE and DIAC support businesses facing restricted access to Western jurisdictions? What support measures and legal guarantees are available to Russian companies in the UAE and the region? What are the advantages of DIAC’s updated arbitration rules? How are DIAC awards enforced in the Middle East and beyond, including with the support of the UAE’s judicial system? What are the key features of DIAC arbitration procedures, including opportunities for Russian-speaking parties and arbitrators?