What Is Virtual and Real in the Context of Policy-Making. Computer Games as a Target of Legal Regulation

Over the past decades, computer games have evolved from a subcultural experiment into one of the most important types of modern mass (or non-mass in some cases) culture. From the gaming industry’s point of view, in recent years Russia has entered a new stage in the development of the gaming industry that is focused not only on export, but also on the domestic market. The industry is paying more attention to the country’s culture and values, as it strives to create jobs and contribute to the formation of a safe digital environment. Russian lawmakers are currently discussing a draft federal law on measures to develop and distribute video games in the Russian Federation. The bill is sparking debates about numerous issues of both a legal and practical nature, as evidenced by discussions held by working groups of the Russian State Duma in winter 2025, among other things. How does the legal system contribute to the development of the domestic gaming industry? Are changes needed and what support measures should be prioritized?